Rule reminder
Italian offers three main referential cohesion strategies: (1) PRONOUNS (esso/essa/essi, lo/la/li/le) — compact, formal, best for recent clear referents; (2) DEMONSTRATIVES (questo/questa/questi, quello/quella) — more emphatic, can add evaluative tone; (3) SYNONYMY — adds descriptive content, used in journalism and academic writing. Choosing the wrong one disrupts register or clarity.
You have just mentioned 'il fenomeno dell'emigrazione' and need to refer to it in the very next sentence. Which is most appropriate in academic writing?