Rule reminder
A concessive clause introduces a circumstance or fact that is presented as an obstacle or contradiction to the main clause, yet the main action still occurs or the main state still holds. Identifying concessive clauses in a text requires recognizing: (1) the connective (sebbene, benché, nonostante, anche se, pur + gerundio), (2) the mood (subjunctive or indicative/gerund), and (3) the logical 'obstacle-despite-which' relationship with the main clause.
Read: 'Sebbene il trattato internazionale fosse stato firmato da oltre ottanta paesi, molti stati continuarono ad agire in modo unilaterale, ignorando gli impegni assunti.' What function does the concessive clause perform?