Rule reminder
Register distinctions: 'anche se' is neutral/informal (indicative), 'sebbene/benché' are formal (subjunctive), 'quantunque' is literary (subjunctive), 'pur' + gerundio is formal and concise. 'Nonostante' and 'malgrado' can take a noun or the subjunctive.
La politica monetaria rimase invariata, _____ l'inflazione avesse superato il target previsto.